Fabric Protector,
A protective board that is attached to the breast beam. For more information see protector.
A protective board that is attached to the breast beam. For more information see protector.
Fair Practice,
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) uses the expression “fair practice” in certain provisions on exceptions to copyright protection (see Article 10(1) concerning quotations, and Article 10(2) on free utilization of works—to the extent justified by the purpose—by way of illustration for teaching). For determining what kind of practice may be regarded as “fair,” the criteria of the three-step test should be taken into account.
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) uses the expression “fair practice” in certain provisions on exceptions to copyright protection (see Article 10(1) concerning quotations, and Article 10(2) on free utilization of works—to the extent justified by the purpose—by way of illustration for teaching). For determining what kind of practice may be regarded as “fair,” the criteria of the three-step test should be taken into account.
False dyes,
Dyes such as turmeric that fade rapidly upon exposure to sunlight also called fugitive dyes.
Dyes such as turmeric that fade rapidly upon exposure to sunlight also called fugitive dyes.
Farmers’ Rights,
Article 9.1 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture recognizes “the enormous contribution that the local and indigenous communities and farmers of all regions of the world, particularly those in the centers of origin and crop diversity, have made and will continue to make for the conservation and development of plant genetic resources which constitute the basis of food and agriculture production throughout the world.” Article 9.2 defines “farmers’ rights” as “(a) protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; (b) the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from the utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; and (c) the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.” Article 2 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer defines the term as “the rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving, and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity. These rights are vested in the International Community, as trustee for present and future generations of farmers, for the purpose of ensuring full benefits to farmers, and supporting the continuation of their contributions, as well as the attainment of the overall purposes of the FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.”
Article 9.1 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture recognizes “the enormous contribution that the local and indigenous communities and farmers of all regions of the world, particularly those in the centers of origin and crop diversity, have made and will continue to make for the conservation and development of plant genetic resources which constitute the basis of food and agriculture production throughout the world.” Article 9.2 defines “farmers’ rights” as “(a) protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; (b) the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from the utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; and (c) the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.” Article 2 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer defines the term as “the rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving, and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity. These rights are vested in the International Community, as trustee for present and future generations of farmers, for the purpose of ensuring full benefits to farmers, and supporting the continuation of their contributions, as well as the attainment of the overall purposes of the FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.”
Fast colours (or dyes),
Dyes that do not fade appreciably when exposed to light (lightfast); dyes that are resistant to washing (washfast); dyes that are fast to rubbing (rubfast); and dyes that are resistant to sweat (sweatfast). Some dyes are lightfast but not washfast, etc.
Dyes that do not fade appreciably when exposed to light (lightfast); dyes that are resistant to washing (washfast); dyes that are fast to rubbing (rubfast); and dyes that are resistant to sweat (sweatfast). Some dyes are lightfast but not washfast, etc.
Feldspar,
Two series of alumino-silicate minerals that are important class of rock forming minerals. The two series are the plagioclase feldspars in which form a continuous solid solution series between the sodium (albite) and calcium (anorthite) rich end members, and the alkali feldspars with a full range of solid solutions between the sodium (albite) and potassium (orthoclase) end members. However, there is only a limited range of solid solubility between orthoclase (potassium) and anorthite (calcium) members. The last component to freeze in many slags have compositions that are close to the composition of anorthite or more rarely orthoclase/leucite.
Two series of alumino-silicate minerals that are important class of rock forming minerals. The two series are the plagioclase feldspars in which form a continuous solid solution series between the sodium (albite) and calcium (anorthite) rich end members, and the alkali feldspars with a full range of solid solutions between the sodium (albite) and potassium (orthoclase) end members. However, there is only a limited range of solid solubility between orthoclase (potassium) and anorthite (calcium) members. The last component to freeze in many slags have compositions that are close to the composition of anorthite or more rarely orthoclase/leucite.
Felt/felting,
A fabric made of loose, haphazardly arranged wool fibers, which have surface scales that stick to each other as a result of the felt-making process. By the felting process a firm fabric is produced from the matting and adherence of a mass of fibres lying indiscriminately in all directions by mechanical processes such as pressure, moisture, pounding. This process includes disarranging the wool fibers, placing them in a thick layer, and then subjecting them to moisture and extensive friction over several hours, causing the fibers to shrink and mat together. In Central Asia, nomadic peoples live in circular tents called yurts, whose roofs and walls are covered in felt.
A fabric made of loose, haphazardly arranged wool fibers, which have surface scales that stick to each other as a result of the felt-making process. By the felting process a firm fabric is produced from the matting and adherence of a mass of fibres lying indiscriminately in all directions by mechanical processes such as pressure, moisture, pounding. This process includes disarranging the wool fibers, placing them in a thick layer, and then subjecting them to moisture and extensive friction over several hours, causing the fibers to shrink and mat together. In Central Asia, nomadic peoples live in circular tents called yurts, whose roofs and walls are covered in felt.
Felts,
Felts are well wetted blankets or other absorbent material. They are used to prevent the fibers within the sheet from tearing upon transfer from mould and deckle to drying racks in the couching processes.
Felts are well wetted blankets or other absorbent material. They are used to prevent the fibers within the sheet from tearing upon transfer from mould and deckle to drying racks in the couching processes.
Fibre,
The basic component of cloth - an individual strand. A general term referring to strands of plant or animal issue, of naturally limited length, used in the construction of fabrics. Twisted fibres refer to the twisting of two or more strands of unspun fibrous material. Fibres normally have a definite length, unlike filaments, which can be of any length.
The basic component of cloth - an individual strand. A general term referring to strands of plant or animal issue, of naturally limited length, used in the construction of fabrics. Twisted fibres refer to the twisting of two or more strands of unspun fibrous material. Fibres normally have a definite length, unlike filaments, which can be of any length.
Field,
The design element on a textile which contains a wide and often repetitive pattern. While usually occupying a central place in a design structure, the field on some Asian textiles may be divided by a head-panel.
The design element on a textile which contains a wide and often repetitive pattern. While usually occupying a central place in a design structure, the field on some Asian textiles may be divided by a head-panel.
Filigree,
The technique of creating delicate openwork, lace of gold and silver wire by curling, twisting or plaiting pliable wires and soldering them at their point of contact. Filigree is used commonly in jewellery; it is sometimes backed onto another material and used as a base for enameling.
The technique of creating delicate openwork, lace of gold and silver wire by curling, twisting or plaiting pliable wires and soldering them at their point of contact. Filigree is used commonly in jewellery; it is sometimes backed onto another material and used as a base for enameling.
Filing,
A shaping process where an abrasive tool or substance is rubbed against a material removing excess or unwanted parts. This is often used during the finishing of an object to smooth surfaces and edges that may have been formed by other processes. Filing is carried out on a wide range of materials like metal, wood, plastic and glass. Filing is usually done with a hand tool; normally a hardened metal bar with sharp teeth or ridges on its face known as a file. Sand paper is used to file materials like glass.
A shaping process where an abrasive tool or substance is rubbed against a material removing excess or unwanted parts. This is often used during the finishing of an object to smooth surfaces and edges that may have been formed by other processes. Filing is carried out on a wide range of materials like metal, wood, plastic and glass. Filing is usually done with a hand tool; normally a hardened metal bar with sharp teeth or ridges on its face known as a file. Sand paper is used to file materials like glass.
Filing,
Removal of metal with a file. Filing is uncommon in ancient metalwork, as the tooth spacing of most early files tended to be rather coarse thus more suitable for woodworking than metal working. It is likely that stone abrasives were the preferred method of final shaping, finishing.
Removal of metal with a file. Filing is uncommon in ancient metalwork, as the tooth spacing of most early files tended to be rather coarse thus more suitable for woodworking than metal working. It is likely that stone abrasives were the preferred method of final shaping, finishing.
Fine art,
Type of art primarily created for the purpose of providing beauty and enjoyment rather than for commercial use. It is often intended to be uplifting, thought provoking, and life-enhancing.
Type of art primarily created for the purpose of providing beauty and enjoyment rather than for commercial use. It is often intended to be uplifting, thought provoking, and life-enhancing.
Finery,
A hearth in which cast iron was converted into wrought iron by melting and oxidization in an air blast. The process differs from puddling in that the metal and fuel are together in the same hearth. This means that it has to be fuelled using charcoal not coal or coke as the sulphur for these fuels would contaminate the metal and make it hot short Related terms: Chafery, Puddling furnace.
A hearth in which cast iron was converted into wrought iron by melting and oxidization in an air blast. The process differs from puddling in that the metal and fuel are together in the same hearth. This means that it has to be fuelled using charcoal not coal or coke as the sulphur for these fuels would contaminate the metal and make it hot short Related terms: Chafery, Puddling furnace.