Sable (ground),
A French term (also called ‘sanded’ or ‘vermicular’ ground) for a block-printed cloth which has had tiny pinned dots printed all over it before the printing of the main pattern.
A French term (also called ‘sanded’ or ‘vermicular’ ground) for a block-printed cloth which has had tiny pinned dots printed all over it before the printing of the main pattern.
Sacred,
“Sacred” refers to “any expression of traditional knowledge that symbolizes or pertains to religious and spiritual beliefs, practices or customs. It is used as the opposite of profane or secular, the extreme forms of which are commercially exploited forms of traditional knowledge.” Sacred traditional knowledge refers to the traditional knowledge which includes religious and spiritual elements, such as totems, special ceremonies, sacred objects, sacred knowledge, prayers, chants, and performances and also sacred symbols, and also refers to sacred traditional knowledge associated with sacred species of plants, animals, microorganisms, minerals, and refers to sacred sites. Whether traditional knowledge is sacred or not depends on whether it has sacred significance to the relevant community. Much sacred traditional knowledge is by definition not commercialized, but some sacred objects and sites are being commercialized by religious, faith-based and spiritual communities themselves, or by outsiders to these, and for different purposes. The WIPO Report on Fact-Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge mentions that several subject areas, such as traditional ways of problem-solving and medicinal knowledge, are interrelated in a spiritual way. The spiritual aspects of healing which precede the actual administration of some traditional medicines are considered very important, for instance, in every country in West Africa although it is recognized that they cannot come under scientific scrutiny. In certain traditional knowledge systems, non-material beliefs and cultural codes are supposed to explain or guide the consequences of material transactions. In Peru, some “knowledge was transmitted from generation to generation in a sacred, unwritten ‘book’.” The core of sacred and secret traditional is considered in indigenous and local communities in different ways, and is stored, transmitted and recorded in diverse ways. From an intellectual property perspective, and the work of the IGC in particular, the following observations may be made:
“Sacred” refers to “any expression of traditional knowledge that symbolizes or pertains to religious and spiritual beliefs, practices or customs. It is used as the opposite of profane or secular, the extreme forms of which are commercially exploited forms of traditional knowledge.” Sacred traditional knowledge refers to the traditional knowledge which includes religious and spiritual elements, such as totems, special ceremonies, sacred objects, sacred knowledge, prayers, chants, and performances and also sacred symbols, and also refers to sacred traditional knowledge associated with sacred species of plants, animals, microorganisms, minerals, and refers to sacred sites. Whether traditional knowledge is sacred or not depends on whether it has sacred significance to the relevant community. Much sacred traditional knowledge is by definition not commercialized, but some sacred objects and sites are being commercialized by religious, faith-based and spiritual communities themselves, or by outsiders to these, and for different purposes. The WIPO Report on Fact-Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge mentions that several subject areas, such as traditional ways of problem-solving and medicinal knowledge, are interrelated in a spiritual way. The spiritual aspects of healing which precede the actual administration of some traditional medicines are considered very important, for instance, in every country in West Africa although it is recognized that they cannot come under scientific scrutiny. In certain traditional knowledge systems, non-material beliefs and cultural codes are supposed to explain or guide the consequences of material transactions. In Peru, some “knowledge was transmitted from generation to generation in a sacred, unwritten ‘book’.” The core of sacred and secret traditional is considered in indigenous and local communities in different ways, and is stored, transmitted and recorded in diverse ways. From an intellectual property perspective, and the work of the IGC in particular, the following observations may be made:
- A delegation has inquired whether sacred traditional knowledge would be taken into account when discussing intellectual property protection. In this regard, another delegation raised the question in three aspects: what was “traditional”, what was “knowledge”, and what should be protected? For example, there were views that spirituality or religions should be included in traditional knowledge, on the other hand, there were views that traditional knowledge should be restricted to technical knowledge;
Saddening agent,
Addition to the dye bath of iron mordant, which ultimately dulls the colour. Dyeing in an iron vessel has this effect, particularly on bright colours.
Addition to the dye bath of iron mordant, which ultimately dulls the colour. Dyeing in an iron vessel has this effect, particularly on bright colours.
Safeguarding,
The UNESCOConvention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) describes safeguarding measures as: “measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission, particularly through formal and non formal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.” Safeguarding refers to the adoption of precautionary measures to shield certain cultural practices and ideas which are considered of value.
The UNESCOConvention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) describes safeguarding measures as: “measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission, particularly through formal and non formal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.” Safeguarding refers to the adoption of precautionary measures to shield certain cultural practices and ideas which are considered of value.
Saj,
Necklace of charms and pendants of the Deccan. The word probably has it’s origin in the Sanskrit word sraj.
Necklace of charms and pendants of the Deccan. The word probably has it’s origin in the Sanskrit word sraj.
Saktapar,
Sari with a chequerboard design in the central field, woven in single and double ikat at Sambalpur, Orissa.
Sari with a chequerboard design in the central field, woven in single and double ikat at Sambalpur, Orissa.
Salar masud,
A nephew of Mahmud of Ghazni (the first Muslim invader of India, d.1033/34). A cult developed around his tomb at Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, with both Muslim and Hindu devotees. This involved the offering of appliquéd cloths known as kanduri as covers for the tomb.
A nephew of Mahmud of Ghazni (the first Muslim invader of India, d.1033/34). A cult developed around his tomb at Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, with both Muslim and Hindu devotees. This involved the offering of appliquéd cloths known as kanduri as covers for the tomb.