Off-cut,
A fragment of metal cut from the main body of an artefact during manufacturing. Often fragments of sheet, rod or bar with visible cut marks. This type of material may be important evidence for the raw metal used, the type(s) of artefact produced, and/or the manufacturing process. As well being preserved in non-ferrous metal working debris, these marks can often be seen in the small fragments of iron associated with iron smithing sites.
A fragment of metal cut from the main body of an artefact during manufacturing. Often fragments of sheet, rod or bar with visible cut marks. This type of material may be important evidence for the raw metal used, the type(s) of artefact produced, and/or the manufacturing process. As well being preserved in non-ferrous metal working debris, these marks can often be seen in the small fragments of iron associated with iron smithing sites.
Offensive,
“Offensive” refers to the causing of displeasure, anger or resentment; repugnant to the prevailing sense of what is decent or moral (Black’s Law Dictionary).
“Offensive” refers to the causing of displeasure, anger or resentment; repugnant to the prevailing sense of what is decent or moral (Black’s Law Dictionary).
One shuttle weave,
A weave which is woven with one shuttle, allowing the weaver to develop a rhythm of movement as the shuttle does not have tobe set down between shots.
A weave which is woven with one shuttle, allowing the weaver to develop a rhythm of movement as the shuttle does not have tobe set down between shots.
Open Hearth Furnace,
A furnace of a reverberatory type fired by producer gas and used air preheated using a pair of regenerative heaters. The use of open hearth furnaces was first patented for the melting of glass and metals by Frederick Siemens in 1856, based on the principles set out in Stirling’s patent of 1812, and Nielson’s use of hot blast in the coke fire blast furnace. The 1856 patent outlined the use of two sets of checkerwork firebrick heat exchangers through which the air flowing into, or out of, the furnace passed. One set was heated by the waste gas from the furnace, while the other (hot from a previous heating phase) was used to heat the air going into the furnace. Periodically, the control valves were changed so that the air flow through the furnace and heat exchangers was reversed, the checkerwork that had been cooled by the incoming air now being heated by the exhaust gas, and vice versa. Initially the furnaces were fuelled by coke, or other solid fuel, but the ash carried over by the air eventually blocked the checkerwork. This problem was eliminated if producer gas was used as the fuel instead of a solid fuel. A further patent in 1861 by both William and Frederick improved the furnace temperature by having a separate pair of checkerworks to preheat the gas as well as the air. Such furnaces were capable of reaching temperatures as high as 1600°C, and thus steel could be melted in them.
A furnace of a reverberatory type fired by producer gas and used air preheated using a pair of regenerative heaters. The use of open hearth furnaces was first patented for the melting of glass and metals by Frederick Siemens in 1856, based on the principles set out in Stirling’s patent of 1812, and Nielson’s use of hot blast in the coke fire blast furnace. The 1856 patent outlined the use of two sets of checkerwork firebrick heat exchangers through which the air flowing into, or out of, the furnace passed. One set was heated by the waste gas from the furnace, while the other (hot from a previous heating phase) was used to heat the air going into the furnace. Periodically, the control valves were changed so that the air flow through the furnace and heat exchangers was reversed, the checkerwork that had been cooled by the incoming air now being heated by the exhaust gas, and vice versa. Initially the furnaces were fuelled by coke, or other solid fuel, but the ash carried over by the air eventually blocked the checkerwork. This problem was eliminated if producer gas was used as the fuel instead of a solid fuel. A further patent in 1861 by both William and Frederick improved the furnace temperature by having a separate pair of checkerworks to preheat the gas as well as the air. Such furnaces were capable of reaching temperatures as high as 1600°C, and thus steel could be melted in them.
Open mould,
A form of mould for flat or long object of relatively simple shape in which the top is left open to the air. Examples of the type of object that were cast in open moulds are Bronze Age flat axes, ingot moulds of all periods, cast-iron pigs and fire-backs and probably Roman mirrors.
A form of mould for flat or long object of relatively simple shape in which the top is left open to the air. Examples of the type of object that were cast in open moulds are Bronze Age flat axes, ingot moulds of all periods, cast-iron pigs and fire-backs and probably Roman mirrors.
Openwork,
A type of openwork embroidery which depends on the cutting and withdrawing of yarn from a woven ground fabric, and the stitching of the remaining threads and edges into decorative patterns. Also known as drawn threadwork.
A type of openwork embroidery which depends on the cutting and withdrawing of yarn from a woven ground fabric, and the stitching of the remaining threads and edges into decorative patterns. Also known as drawn threadwork.
Opposites,
A treadling sequence where one weft shot is followed by treadling the opposite shed. The opposite of 2 3 is 1 4.
A treadling sequence where one weft shot is followed by treadling the opposite shed. The opposite of 2 3 is 1 4.
Orhna,
A woman’s veil of cloth worn all over the sub-continent as an upper drape for the head and bosom.
A woman’s veil of cloth worn all over the sub-continent as an upper drape for the head and bosom.
Oriental Carpet,
Any of a variety of pile carpets traditionally from regions east of the Mediterranean Sea (once referred to as the Orient). The terms carpet and rug are often used interchangeably, but “carpet” sometimes specifically refers to floor coverings.
Any of a variety of pile carpets traditionally from regions east of the Mediterranean Sea (once referred to as the Orient). The terms carpet and rug are often used interchangeably, but “carpet” sometimes specifically refers to floor coverings.
Oriental stitch,
A type of composite stitch, this stitch is a combination of two stitches: single-faced satin stitch and a self-couching stitch. It is worked in two steps. A single -faced satin stitch is used to cover the whole motif area, using unspun silk. On the second step, a plied silk thread is laid over the first layer of unspun silk threads at a ninety-degree angle. This second layer of plied silk thread is secured by bringing the same plied silk thread up from below. Also known as Bukharan stitch or Atma stitch
A type of composite stitch, this stitch is a combination of two stitches: single-faced satin stitch and a self-couching stitch. It is worked in two steps. A single -faced satin stitch is used to cover the whole motif area, using unspun silk. On the second step, a plied silk thread is laid over the first layer of unspun silk threads at a ninety-degree angle. This second layer of plied silk thread is secured by bringing the same plied silk thread up from below. Also known as Bukharan stitch or Atma stitch