International Patent Classification,
The International Patent Classification (IPC) is “a hierarchical system in which the whole area of technology is divided into a range of sections, classes, sub classes and groups. The Classification is a language independent tool indispensable for the retrieval of patent documents in the search for ‘prior art’.” The IPC was established by the Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification (1971). Article 2(1)(a) provides that “[t]he Classification comprises: (i) the text which was established pursuant to the provisions of the European Convention on the International Classification of Patents for Invention of December 19, 1954 (hereinafter designated as the “European Convention”), and which came into force and was published by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe on September 1, 1968; (ii) the amendments which have entered into force pursuant to Article 2(2) of the European Convention prior to the entry into force of this Agreement; (iii) the amendments made thereafter in accordance with Article 5 which enter into force pursuant to the provisions of Article 6.”
The International Patent Classification (IPC) is “a hierarchical system in which the whole area of technology is divided into a range of sections, classes, sub classes and groups. The Classification is a language independent tool indispensable for the retrieval of patent documents in the search for ‘prior art’.” The IPC was established by the Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification (1971). Article 2(1)(a) provides that “[t]he Classification comprises: (i) the text which was established pursuant to the provisions of the European Convention on the International Classification of Patents for Invention of December 19, 1954 (hereinafter designated as the “European Convention”), and which came into force and was published by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe on September 1, 1968; (ii) the amendments which have entered into force pursuant to Article 2(2) of the European Convention prior to the entry into force of this Agreement; (iii) the amendments made thereafter in accordance with Article 5 which enter into force pursuant to the provisions of Article 6.”
Interstitial,
An element whose size is relatively small may occupy lattice spaces without causing too great a distortion of the original lattice structure. An example is carbon in iron. The carbon is small enough fit into the spaces of the cubic iron lattice of the austenite phase.
An element whose size is relatively small may occupy lattice spaces without causing too great a distortion of the original lattice structure. An example is carbon in iron. The carbon is small enough fit into the spaces of the cubic iron lattice of the austenite phase.
Iron,
An element with atomic number 26, symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85, mp 1528ºC, specific gravity 7.87. A heavy whitish metal and one of the most abundant and widely distributed. Iron was probably first known in the form of meteoric iron, which usually contains some nickel. Extraction by the bloomery process became established in Asia Minor in the late 2nd millennium BC, and the technology seems to have spread out from this centre, reaching Britain in the west by the 7th century BC, and China in the East by the 8th century BC. In China the blast furnace process (or indirect process) was developed some time in the 5th century BC.
An element with atomic number 26, symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85, mp 1528ºC, specific gravity 7.87. A heavy whitish metal and one of the most abundant and widely distributed. Iron was probably first known in the form of meteoric iron, which usually contains some nickel. Extraction by the bloomery process became established in Asia Minor in the late 2nd millennium BC, and the technology seems to have spread out from this centre, reaching Britain in the west by the 7th century BC, and China in the East by the 8th century BC. In China the blast furnace process (or indirect process) was developed some time in the 5th century BC.
Iron – phosphoritic,
Metallic iron with sufficiently high phosphorus content to appreciably harden the metal. Phosphorus will increase the rate of work hardening, making the metal more brittle. Thus high phosphorus iron is more difficult to work than a low carbon bloomery iron, especially at low temperature. However, high phosphorus irons have been used selected for specific uses in a number of periods - during the Iron Age it seems to have been used for larger edge tools as a alternative to carbon steel. During the Anglo-Saxon period when many of the pattern-welded sections of composed of alternating bands of high and low phosphorus iron. In the 18th century, high phosphorus iron wires were used for harpiscord and early piano wires.
Metallic iron with sufficiently high phosphorus content to appreciably harden the metal. Phosphorus will increase the rate of work hardening, making the metal more brittle. Thus high phosphorus iron is more difficult to work than a low carbon bloomery iron, especially at low temperature. However, high phosphorus irons have been used selected for specific uses in a number of periods - during the Iron Age it seems to have been used for larger edge tools as a alternative to carbon steel. During the Anglo-Saxon period when many of the pattern-welded sections of composed of alternating bands of high and low phosphorus iron. In the 18th century, high phosphorus iron wires were used for harpiscord and early piano wires.
Iron – wrought iron,
The term ‘wrought iron’ tends to be used some authors for all ancient iron. However, before the introduction of the indirect process, such use is a tautology in that all iron was wrought (wrought means forged). Also the mechanical properties of bloomery iron and wrought iron are different in that bloomery iron tends to contain variable but higher amounts of carbon than refined cast iron. Whereas, wrought iron tends to have a much higher volume of slag inclusions. Therefore, the term wrought iron should be restricted to forged refined cast iron.
The term ‘wrought iron’ tends to be used some authors for all ancient iron. However, before the introduction of the indirect process, such use is a tautology in that all iron was wrought (wrought means forged). Also the mechanical properties of bloomery iron and wrought iron are different in that bloomery iron tends to contain variable but higher amounts of carbon than refined cast iron. Whereas, wrought iron tends to have a much higher volume of slag inclusions. Therefore, the term wrought iron should be restricted to forged refined cast iron.
ISO: International Organisation for standardisation,
ISO: International Organisation for standardisation was formed and aims to ABC, which includes decisions concerning paper sizing (for example the specifications of A4 in millimeters) and the simplification of manufacturing and storage.
ISO: International Organisation for standardisation was formed and aims to ABC, which includes decisions concerning paper sizing (for example the specifications of A4 in millimeters) and the simplification of manufacturing and storage.
Ittal,
Wall paintings the Saora tribals of Orissa execute for the installation of spirits of the dead
Wall paintings the Saora tribals of Orissa execute for the installation of spirits of the dead